The terminology used to describe insects is similar to that used for other arthropods due to their shared evolutionary history. General external morphology entomology 220 with maya evenden at university of alberta studyblue flashcards. Morphology of mouthparts in general, mouthparts of insects are composed of four components. Mosquitoes are small 36 mm, twowinged insects belonging to the family culicidae of the order diptera twowinged flies.
The term, morphology as developed in this work is a study of the functional form of an insect, although details of anatomy or the specific parts of an insect must be described before the functional whole can be grasped. Entomology instructors often teach insect morphology by dissecting an insect into its many parts. Class insecta contains all insects and belong to the phylum arthropoda. This has given the insects great variety of adoptions under different conditions. Like any insect, stick insects have six legs, to antennae and their body is divided in three segments. Learn the basic external morphology of insects and how it is used in classification. Insects are the most successful life form on the planet. Reasons for dominance insect morphology and systematics 8. General organization of the insect insects explained. A second risk in submitting dry insects is that they are very fragile. It offers information on the distribution, tolerance values, trophic relationships, and functional adaptations of aquatic insects that allows an additional tool for categorizing them. In this lab you will examine a preserved grasshopper and learn to recognize and identify the various parts of an insects body.
The high rate of speciation, short generations and long lineage have caused insects to evolve in many ways resulting in very large variations in morphology. Torchio introduction entomologists, botanists, and agriculturists all have occasion to concern themselves with bees. General information about butterflies keeping insects. The study of form and function insects are arthropods. The body is comprised of 3 distinct body regions head, thorax, and abdomen. Apr 23, 2008 this powerpoint discusses the basic facts and characteristics of insects for an educational purpose.
A typical characteristic of beetles are the hard elytra. The internal anatomy of an insect the robinson library. Insects are distinguished from other arthropods by their body, which is divided into three major regions. Ent 4015 ornamentals and turf entomology insect morphology. Head, thorax, abdomen head the head of an insect is composed of mainly rigid sclerites or sclerotized segments. In general, the 10 urites one of the segments of the abdomen or postabdomen are reduced to a lower number of urites because of structural modifications of the first urite and the last.
The morphology of the beetle follows a quite uniform scheme. Diagnosticians joke that such dissection services are rendered freely by the. It is a plate that forms the top of the mouth, helping the. Still the standard reference in the english language, principles of insect morphology is considered the authors masterpiece. It is the most diverse group of organisms on earth.
Their length, including in females the head, thorax and abdomen and in males the coxites, is 1. The comparative morphology of stenorrhachus walkeri maclachlan and of nemopterella sp. Textbooks of general entomology are usually referring to insects characterized by a primitive morphology and little specialized. Like any insect species, the adult butterfly has six legs, two antennae, two wings, a head, a thorax and an abdomen. Insect morphology and systematics pdf book agrimoon. Because they lack backbones, they are invertebrates. Insects have a hard protective covering called an exoskeleton. Caelifera, because this insect lacks special skills and is easily observable for the large size. This site serves students of ent 425 at nc state university, and anyone interested in learning more about entomology. An introduction to the aquatic insects of north america. Scott department of biological sciences university of alberta supported in part by academic technologies for learning and faculty of science, university of alberta these modules are designed primarily for use in introductory entomology courses at the university of alberta. Flies, unlike many other insects, only have one pair of true wings.
General aspects general morphology genera and species identification sensory organs mosquito feeding developmental cycle control media gallery. In the diagram on the left side the basic morphology of a beetle is shown carabus auratus, dorsal view. One of the largest insect orders, it numbers more than 125,000 species that are relatively small, with soft bodies. The general plan of this study establishes a typical insect form for comparative purposes, which basically represents most insects, as we know them today. Grasshoppers, and orthoptera in general, are well known for their behavior, particularly the sounds that they produce. In general, movie insects also have the three characteristic body regionshead, thorax, and abdomenthat differentiate them from other arthropods. An insect s body has three major body parts, including a head, thorax and abdomen. General morphology of the brain of the blind cave beetle 363 pons cerebralis the pons cerebralis is located in the anteriomedial region of the brain lying between the calyces of the corpora pedunculata and anterior to the central body figs. This illustration shows general areas of an insect wing.
Insect morphology an overview sciencedirect topics. The sheer quantity and diversity of its taxa are matched by a large variation of modifications in its body structure. Factors for insects abundance classification of phylum arthropoda upto classes. General external morphology flashcards from julianne s. Snodgrass produced a wealth of publications that display an accuracy and precision still unsurpassed. Insects have segmented bodies, jointed legs, and external skeletons exoskeletons. The internal organs of insects, like those of other animals, are grouped into various systems. There are more species of insects than there are species of all other animals combined.
The early fossil record of insects is scarce, with only few finds in the devonian. New 5 th edition now available an introduction to the aquatic insects of north america serves as a standard guide on the immature and adult stages of aquatic and semiaquatic insects of north america. The difference between morphology and anatomy is that anatomy deals with the internal structure of an organism and usually is used to refer to humans, whereas morphology deals with the structure of the entire. This classic text, first published in 1935, is once again available. General entomology course information course description biol. Basic insect morphology science literacy and outreach. For example, it is proposed often as a morphological model the grasshopper orthoptera. Jun 08, 20 insect external morphology nancy miorelli. Insect morphology introduction to applied entomology. This powerpoint discusses the basic facts and characteristics of insects for an educational purpose. Insects insecta are the most diverse of all animal groups.
Insects were known to occupy this earth for more than 350 million years, which is a good track record. References and images used in original key and database original key and database developed by sara mitchell, maryjo germain, charlotte dotson, renee millard and amanda mccreless. Caterpillars have a head, followed by a section with six legs and then a section with ten prolegs some species have less prolegs or none at all. Because lifeform attributes reflect habitat and feeding preferences, lifeform morphology may be used as a tool to determine feeding habitats of grasshoppers from given areas. In fact, there are so many insects that no one knows quite how to count them all the. Insect morphology is the study and description of the physical form of insects. Learn more about insects, both their similarities and their differences. Free how to download pdf book full guide agriculture at a glance book outlines of insect morphology and systematics history of entomology in india.
Dipteran, order diptera, any member of an order of insects containing the twowinged or socalled true flies. But these systems differ in many ways from those of other animals. Three physical features separate insects from other arthropods. The morphology of insects enables the phenomenal success of this class of arthropods. Most of the time when talking about insects, we will say morphology instead of anatomy. Basic insect morphology science literacy and outreach nebraska. This is a series of metameres that together comprises the exoskeleton. Apr 25, 2014 course outlines o general introductory lecture. E xample of typical beetle morphology, including elytra hard outer wing, membranous underwing, and leg sections. Entomology is an introduction to insects and their allies. To study specializations and adaptability of structures such as the mouthparts, antennae, legs, wings and pronotum.
Their numbers are nothing short of remarkable both in terms of how many individual insects there are, as well as how many species of insects there are. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. It contains the body fluids and affords protection from desiccation and predators. The insects body is divided into three functional regions tagmata. The scientific latin name of the order is coleoptera, which translates to sheathed wings. General morphology of the brain of the blind cave beetle. A talented artist as well as one of the leading entomologists of his day, robert e.
The biology and external morphology of bees with a synopsis of the genera of northwestern america w. Segmented bodies paired, segmented appendages bilateral symmetry exoskeleton dorsal heart and open circulatory system ventral nerve cord. This pages will give you some general information about stick insects, like their morphology, their senses, their way of development and their natural habitat and behavior. Insects photographic atlas of entomology and guide to insect identification how to know the immature insects insects and diseases of woody plants of the central rockies pests of the west book title list handout.